Air Temperatures – The following high temperatures (F) were recorded across the state of Hawaii Monday…along with the low temperatures Monday:

81 – 73  Lihue, Kauai
85 – 72  Honolulu, Oahu
82 – 71  Molokai AP
85 – 68  Kahului AP, Maui
83 – 71  Kona AP, Hawaii
78 – 66  Hilo, Hawaii

Here are the latest 24-hour precipitation totals (inches) for each of the islands Monday evening:

0.06  Mount Waialeale, Kauai
0.02  Pupukea Road, Oahu
0.18  Molokai
0.00  Lanai
0.03  Kahoolawe
1.23  Puu Kukui, Maui
2.50  Piihonua, Big Island

The following numbers represent the strongest wind gusts (mph) Monday evening:

30  Port Allen, Kauai
30  Kuaokala, Oahu
25  Molokai
30  Lanai
28  Kahoolawe
21  Kahului AP, Maui
31  Waikoloa, Big Island

Hawaii’s Mountains – Here’s a link to the live webcam on the summit of our tallest mountain Mauna Kea (nearly 13,800 feet high) on the Big Island of Hawaii. Here’s the webcam for the 10,000+ feet high Haleakala Crater on Maui. These webcams are available during the daylight hours here in the islands, and at night whenever there’s a big moon shining down. Also, at night you will be able to see the stars, and the sunrise and sunset too…depending upon weather conditions.

 

https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/tpac/ft-animated.gif
A fairly typical trade wind weather pattern
(click on the images to enlarge them)

 

https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/cpac/ir4.jpg
Deeper clouds well southeast…high cirrus northwest

 

https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/hi/ir4.jpg
Some clouds…otherwise mostly clear to partly cloudy

 

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A few showers – Looping image

 

 There are no watches, warnings, or advisories at this time

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~~~ Hawaii Weather Narrative ~~~

 

 

Broad Brush Overview: The ongoing trade wind weather conditions will continue across the island chain this week. These typical springtime trade winds will become briefly lighter Tuesday-Thursday, as the high pressure area north of the islands…moves steadily east of the state. A return of stronger trades will occur Friday, as a strong surface ridge of high pressure moves into the area north of Hawaii.

Details: The expected weakening trend of the trade winds will begin tonight and Tuesday, as a surface high north of the islands, moves off to the east. The trades should be at their lightest Tuesday…at light to moderate levels. This in turn will allow local daytime sea breezes to develop on the smaller islands. The trades start to pick up again, becoming stronger Wednesday evening through Friday.

A strengthening inversion is becoming established, as ridging aloft replaces the recent upper trough, which is moving away and weakening. The ridge weakens slightly tonight into Tuesday with the inversion rising. As the trades weaken Tuesday, this stable atmosphere will limit shower activity. There’s always the chance of a few windward showers as usual.

Looking Further Ahead:  Trades will become stronger as we reach mid-week, as a surface ridge lingers north of the islands into the weekend. This will lead to moderate to strong trades lasting into the weekend. The frequency of showers should increase as we push into Wednesday, as an upper low southeast of the Big Island forms. A weaker ridge over the islands will lead to a higher inversion, which will support more showers into the weekend.

Here’s a near real-time Wind Profile of the Pacific Ocean – along with a Closer View of the islands / Here’s the latest Weather Map

Marine Environmental Conditions: High pressure centered far north of the area has weakened slightly, with moderate to locally strong trade winds decreasing to moderate speeds tonight, as the ridge weakens in response to a front passing north of the state. Winds will continue to decrease Tuesday to light to moderate speeds, although are expected to increase to moderate to locally strong speeds Wednesday night, as a ridge of high pressure rebuilds north of the state.

Moderate to strong northeast trades remain active upstream of the state. Due to the decrease in wind speeds locally, surf along east facing shores will continue to gradually decrease through mid-week. Surf is expected to increase again towards the later half of the week as trades strengthen, although will likely stay below advisory thresholds.

A new small west-northwest swell should continue to fill in, and then peak tonight along north and west facing shores. Small surf will linger into Wednesday, and be reinforced by a new northwest swell Thursday night into Friday. There will also be a series of small south swells through this week.

 

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World-wide Tropical Cyclone Activity

 

Here’s latest Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) Weather Wall Presentation covering the western Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Sea


>>> Atlantic Ocean: The 2019 hurricane season begins June 1, 2019

Here’s a satellite image of the Atlantic

>>> Gulf of Mexico: The 2019 hurricane season begins June 1, 2019

>>> Caribbean Sea: The 2019 hurricane season begins June 1, 2019

Here’s a satellite image of the Caribbean Sea…and the Gulf of Mexico

>>> Eastern Pacific: The 2019 hurricane season begins May 15, 2019

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Central Pacific: The 2019 hurricane season begins June 1, 2019

Here’s the link to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)

 

>>> Northwest Pacific Ocean: There are no active tropical cyclones

>>> South Pacific Ocean: There are no active tropical cyclones

>>> North and South Indian Oceans / Arabian Sea: There are no active tropical cyclones

 

Interesting: How Did Nearsighted People Manage Before Glasses Were Invented? – In 2017, the super-rich shared with The New Yorker their secrets for doomsday prep. Some were building luxury bunkers and stockpiling weapons. Others were buying property in New Zealand. Still others revealed that, in thinking about the possibility of civilization’s collapse, they had been especially concerned with a problem right in front of their faces: Both a current and former CEO of Reddit said they’d had surgery to correct their nearsightedness to ensure their survival in the case they couldn’t get contacts or glasses amid the end-of-the-world chaos.

Maybe some people fear a future without eyeglasses, but how did nearsighted people manage in the preglasses past?

Aristotle may have written the first observations of myopia around 350 B.C. Because their eyeballs are too long, people with this condition can see objects that are close by, but distant objects tend to look blurry. Neil Handley, a museum curator at the College of Optometrists in London, said not much is known about how people dealt with myopia before the first lenses for nearsighted people were invented, in the 15th century in Europe. And he noted that “even in the history of the invention of spectacles, that is a late development.”

There are 13th-century European examples of handheld convex lenses that were used to treat age-related vision loss known as presbyopia. (We’d call them reading glasses today.) But the technology wasn’t applied to treat nearsightedness for another 200 years. One of the first known examples of a handheld, concave lens appears in an early 16th-century portrait of Pope Leo X — who was part of the politically influential and famously myopic Medici family — that was painted by the Italian master Raphael.

“Because of the way that lens is held, you can see through it, and the artist has captured the effect that the glass has,” Handley said. “So, it is possible to say that it is a negative lens for the use of a” person with myopia.

Was myopia a big deal in the past?

Myopia could be something of a modern condition. Rates of myopia have risen sharply in recent decades, and researchers have projected that half the world will be myopic by 2050. One study by the College of Optometrists found that myopia is more than twice as common among kids in the U.K. now than it was the 1960s. In some Asian countries, the prevalence of myopia has shot up in even more. (In Seoul, South Korea, for example, about 95% of 19-year-old men are now myopic.)

Doctors are still trying to figure out the cause behind this trend, which some doctors(CK) have called an epidemic. While some have blamed genetic causes or an increase in studying and screen time, other researchers have found that children who spent less time outside were more likely to develop myopia.

Regardless of what’s driving the trend, it’s likely that myopia didn’t affect as many people in the past as it does now. Handley said the late creation of nearsighted glasses suggests that treating the small number of people with myopia wasn’t regarded as a priority and that people could have gotten by with this condition by making some adaptations in their lifestyle, such as TK or TK. Or, maybe there was more of an emphasis on putting people in jobs that were suited to their ability to see rather than on finding technological interventions that made everybody equal, he said.

For example, people with myopia were historically valued in artisan contexts, such as medieval European monasteries, where illuminating manuscripts and painting Bibles required making tiny, precise brushstrokes.

“The myopic person, far from being given some correction, was actually encouraged to remain in their myopic condition, because it was actually ideal for them doing this job,” Handley said. “There is even some evidence that they almost interbred people in the hope of producing myopic children who would be the future illuminators of manuscripts. This is how societies adapt to what we call disability. They don’t necessarily regard it as disability.”

Unfortunately, you don’t have to look into the past to find nearsighted people without access to glasses. The glasses-less future that tech millionaires fear is already a reality for a lot of people alive today. More than a billion, and maybe as many as 2.5 billion, people in the world need but don’t have glasses to correct for various vision impairments, according to The New York Times. This is an especially critical public health issue in the developing world, where uncorrected vision problems can hinder kids’ education, cause road accidents and prevent people from working.