Air Temperatures The following high temperatures (F) were recorded across the state of Hawaii Friday…along with the low temperatures Friday:

86 73  Lihue, Kauai
9278  Honolulu, Oahu
88 – 77  Molokai AP
90 74  Kahului AP, Maui
8574  Kailua Kona
86 74  Hilo AP, Hawaii

Here are the latest 24-hour precipitation totals (inches) for each of the islands Friday evening:

0.64  Kilohana, Kauai
1.07  Tunnel RG, Oahu
0.12  Molokai
0.30  Lanai
0.31  Kahoolawe
1.72  West Wailuaiki, Maui
0.95  Saddle Quarry, Big Island

The following numbers represent the strongest wind gusts (mph) Friday evening:

15  Mana, Kauai
24  Oahu Forest NWR, Oahu

25  Molokai
24  Lanai
27  Kahoolawe
30  Kahului AP, Maui

27  Kealakomo, Big Island

Hawaii’s MountainsHere’s a link to the live webcam on the summit of our tallest mountain Mauna Kea (nearly 13,800 feet high) on the Big Island of Hawaii. Here’s the webcam for the 10,000+ feet high Haleakala Crater on Maui. These webcams are available during the daylight hours here in the islands, and at night whenever there’s a big moon shining down. Also, at night you will be able to see the stars, and the sunrise and sunset too…depending upon weather conditions.


Aloha Paragraphs


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Hurricane 14E (Lane) remains active in the eastern Pacific (click images to enlarge)

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We’ll need to keep a close eye on what hurricane Lane is doing…as it passes by south of Hawaii next week

 

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The remnant moisture from Former tropical cyclone Kristy is approaching from the east…while the leading edge of hurricane Lane spins into the picture on the right side of the image

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Clear to partly cloudy…showery clouds approaching from the east

 

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Lower clouds arriving on the trades from the east

 

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Showers locally and offshore
Looping image

 

~~~ Hawaii Weather Narrative ~~~

 

Broad Brush Overview: A trade wind producing high pressure system will remain parked far northeast of the state through early next week. Tropical moisture will increase over the area though the weekend, then drier air will move over the islands Monday. Meanwhile, Hurricane Lane will likely move into the central Pacific later Saturday…although it’s too early to know if Lane will directly affect the island chain.

Details: Weather maps shows the high will maintain light to moderate trades over the state. An area of moist air associated with a trough lingers over the state. A trough higher in the atmosphere is keeping the atmosphere somewhat unstable. The combination of moisture and instability will keep showers active. Since the trades will continue, showers will be focused over the windward areas, although some clouds will spill over to leeward areas. Thunderstorms will be possible over the Big Island slopes during the afternoons and evenings.

A low pressure system associated with a tropical disturbance centered east of the Big Island, continues moving westward towards the state. The leading edge of this cloud area (which is what remains of former tropical cyclone Kristy) is still well east of the Big Island. This cloud area corresponds well with an area of high precipitable water depicted by the GFS model. This moist air will move over the islands during the weekend, and make the atmosphere even more humid. Heavy rain will be possible on all the islands during this time frame.

Looking Ahead: The atmosphere is expected to become drier and more stable as we push into early next week. This trend could be enhanced by subsidence (drier air) ahead of Hurricane Lane. Lane, still far east-southeast of the islands, is forecast to strengthen to a major hurricane as it moves into the central Pacific over the weekend. It’s too soon to know if Lane will directly impact the islands. The strong high pressure system to the north-northeast should keep the hurricane on a west-northwesterly track. The models continue to support a track of 200+ miles to the south of the Big Island by next Wednesday.

Here’s a near real-time Wind Profile of the Pacific Ocean – along with a Closer View of the islands / Here’s the latest Weather Map / Here’s the latest Vog Forecast Animation / Here’s the Vog Information website

Marine Environmental Conditions: Light to moderate trade winds are expected to continue through this weekend, although remain below Small Craft Advisory levels. Periods of heavier showers are expected this weekend, particularly over the windward waters, as tropical moisture arrives from the east. Hurricane Lane, currently far east southeast of Hilo, may bring tropical storm conditions to waters south of the Big Island next week.

No significant swells are expected through the weekend, so expect surf to remain small on all shores. A small north northwest swell is expected to arrive Tuesday. Hurricane Lane may bring an easterly swell to the coastal waters as early as Sunday night.



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World-wide Tropical Cyclone Activity

 

Here’s the Friday Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) Weather Wall Presentation covering Tropical Cyclone 05L (Ernesto) in the Atlantic Ocean

Here’s the Friday Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) Weather Wall Presentation covering the Pacific and Indian Oceans, including Tropical Cyclone 20W (Bebinca), Tropical Cyclone 21W (Rumbia), Tropical Cyclone 22W (Soulik) and Tropical Cyclone 14E (Lane)


>>> Atlantic Ocean:

Post-tropical Storm 05L (Ernesto) is moving over cooler water soon…and will dissipating as a result

Here’s what the computer models are showing

According to the NHC…The post-tropical cyclone is moving toward the east-northeast near 35 mph, and this motion is expected to continue for the next 12 to 24 hours. Maximum sustained winds are near 40 mph with higher gusts. Weakening is forecast to continue, and Ernesto should merge with a frontal zone by tonight. Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 175 miles to the southeast of the center.

Here’s what the computer models are showing

>>> Caribbean Sea: No active tropical cyclones

>>> Gulf of Mexico: No active tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclone formation is not expected during the next 5 days.

Here’s a satellite image of the Caribbean Sea…and the Gulf of Mexico

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Eastern Pacific:

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Hurricane 14E (Lane) will be strengthening further into a major hurricane…as it crosses over into the central Pacific Saturday

Here’s what the computer models are showing for this hurricane


According to the NHC…Lane is moving toward the west-northwest near 16 mph, and a motion between west and west-northwest with a small decrease in forward speed is expected during the entire forecast period. Lane is forecast to cross into the central Pacific basin later today. Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 130 mph with higher gusts. Lane is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Some additional strengthening is possible today or Sunday, although a gradual weakening is forecast thereafter. Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 25 miles from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 105 miles.

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)


>>> Central Pacific
: No active tropical cyclone

Here’s a link to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)

>>> Northwest Pacific Ocean:

Tropical Cyclone 22W (Soulik)


>>>
South Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclones

>>>
North and South Indian Oceans / Arabian Sea: No active tropical cyclones


Here’s a link to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)

 

Interesting: Facts About Megalodon: The Long-Gone Shark – The megalodon, which went extinct millions of years ago, was the largest shark ever documented and one of the largest fish on record. The scientific name, Carcharocles megalodon, means “giant tooth.” And for good reason: Its massive teeth give scientists major clues about what the creature was like and when it died off.

While a 2018 popular movie, “The Meg,” pits modern humans against the beast, more than likely, the megalodon died out before humans evolved. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact date that the megalodon went extinct, because the fossil record is incomplete.

In 2014, a research group at the University of Zurich studied megalodon fossils using a technique called optimal linear estimation, to determine their age. Their research, published in the journal PLOS ONE, found that most of the fossils date back to the middle Miocene epoch to the Pliocene epoch (15.9 million to 2.6 million years ago). All signs of the creature’s existence ended 2.6 million years ago in the current fossil record, the authors wrote. For comparison, our earliest Homo sapiens ancestors emerged only 2.5 million years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, according to the University of California Museum of Paleontology.

A very small portion of the Zurich study’s data — 6 out of 10,000 simulations — showed a 1 percent chance that these giant sharks could still be alive. That chance seems pretty slim, and the researchers wrote in the study that they rejected “popular claims of present-day survival of C. megalodon.”

Since there has been no evidence of the monster, including fossils that are any newer than 2.6 million years ago, the majority of scientists believe that megalodons are extinct.

The megalodon was a gigantic creature, but maybe not as big as you think. There are a lot of arguments in the scientific community about the animal’s actual size. Going solely by the size of the teeth, some believe that the fish could grow up to 60 feet long, according to the Natural History Museum (NHM) in London, while others think that about 80 feet long is more likely, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. Still others think it was much smaller.

For comparison, modern great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) reach lengths of 20 feet, according to Animal Diversity Web. Even larger is the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which reaches 32 feet. The longest bony fish alive (sharks do not have bones; their skeletons are made of cartilage) is the giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne), which has been known to reach up to 36 feet, according to the Florida Museum of Natural History.

“Original calculations greatly overestimated the size of megalodon,” William Paterson University Professor of environmental science, Marty Becker, a paleontologist who specializes in shark research. “This is in part related to the fact that the megalodon fossil record is dominated almost exclusively by teeth. Current calculations indicate that megalodon may have achieved lengths up to around 33 feet, and nothing like what is currently featured in the summer 2018 movie ‘The Meg.'”

The largest megalodon tooth measures around 7 inches in length, which is almost three times longer than those of great white sharks. That giant size led ancient peoples to theorize about the creatures’ origins. For example, early discoveries of megalodon teeth in western Europe were thought to be the petrified tongues of ancient serpents. People called them ‘tongue stones.’

The teeth are found all over the world in great quantities. “Teeth of megalodon are known to have a global occurrence and are prized among fossil collectors for their assorted colors, serrated edges and large size when compared to other fossil and modern shark teeth,” said Becker. “Availability on the internet marketplace has devalued earlier fossil collections of megalodon teeth as investments.”

Like the dinosaurs, the megalodon liked warmth. During its time, it hunted in the warm, shallow seas that covered much of the planet. Megalodon teeth have been found on every continent except Antarctica. Megalodon may have gone extinct when these seas dried up, the ice age began and water was locked up at the poles, according to Discovery. Megalodon either starved or was frozen into extinction.

The megalodon was a top-of-the-food-chain predator. It fed on other big marine mammals, like whales and dolphins. It may have even eaten other sharks, according to Discovery.

Researchers think the megalodon would first attack the flipper and tails of the mammals to prevent them from swimming away, then go in for the kill, according to the BBC. The megalodon’s 276 serrated teeth were the perfect tool for ripping flesh.

These sharks also had a ferocious bite. While humans have been measured to have a bite force of around 1,317 newtons, researchers have estimated that the megalodon had a bite of between 108,514 and 182,201 newtons, according to the NHM.

“Megalodon co-evolved with whales as a principal food source,” Becker said. “As mammals, whales had the ability to thermoregulate and migrate toward colder waters of the poles. While the exact thermoregulatory capabilities are a topic of current study, inability to hunt whales in colder water is believed to be one of the leading causes of megalodon extinction.”