Air Temperatures – The following maximum temperatures (F) were recorded across the state of Hawaii Sunday…along with the low temperatures Sunday:

87 – 72  Lihue, Kauai
88 – 76  Honolulu, Oahu
88 – 74  Molokai AP
93 – 73  Kahului AP, Maui – broke the record Sunday…the old record was 92
90 – 79  Kona AP
83 – 73  Hilo AP, Hawaii

Here are the latest 24-hour precipitation totals (inches) for each of the islands…Sunday evening:

1.56  Mount Waialeale, Kauai
0.94  Makaha Stream, Oahu
1.09  Molokai
2.63  Lanai
0.00  Kahoolawe
3.88  Kaupo Gap, Maui
2.43  Papaikou Well, Big Island

The following numbers represent the strongest wind gusts (mph)…Sunday evening:

22  Port Allen, Kauai
27  Oahu Forest NWR, Oahu
27  Molokai
27  Lanai
35  Kahoolawe
30  Kahului AP, Maui
27  South Point, Big Island

Hawaii’s Mountains – Here’s a link to the live web cam on the summit of near 13,800 foot Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii. This web cam is available during the daylight hours here in the islands…and when there’s a big moon shining down during the night at times. Plus, during the nights you will be able to see stars, and the sunrise and sunset too…depending upon weather conditions.


Aloha Paragraphs

http://weather.unisys.com/satellite/sat_ir_enh_west_loop-12.gif
Tropical Storm Lester is moving away to the north of the state

http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tc_graphics/2016/graphics/EP132016W.gif

 

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/cpac/vis.jpg
Tropical Storm Lester well offshore north of Kauai…with flaring thunderstorms south

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/floaters/13E/imagery/vis-animated.gif
Lester is spinning away steadily

 

http://radar.weather.gov/Conus/RadarImg/hawaii.gif
Showers locally…some are heavy – Looping radar image


Small Craft Advisory…windiest coasts and channels around Maui County and the Big Island

 

~~~ Hawaii Weather Narrative ~~~

 

Tropical storm Lester continues to move away from the Hawaiian Islands. However, in his wake a trailing band of clouds brought (is bringing) showers to the Aloha State. In the wake of this cloud band, we’ll find a stable air mass arriving…bringing a late summer, favorably inclined weather pattern through at least mid-week. Thereafter, an upper level disturbance may enhance showers…arriving along our windward sides Thursday into next weekend.

Here’s a wind profile…of the offshore waters around the islands – with a closer view

Here’s the animation of the volcanic emissions from the Big Island vents…and where they’re headed

Marine environment details: A surge of trade winds is spreading across the state now. Winds to 25 knots are expected through the areas near Maui County and the Big Island, where trade winds are typical accelerated, and a small craft advisory is in effect. These small craft conditions are expected to continue into Monday night…before dropping off Tuesday.

 

http://www.anefian.com/anefian_yahoo_com/2004_11_27_21_Sunset_Kahuna_Beach_Hawaii.jpg
Improving weather on the horizon…along with strengthening trade winds


World-wide tropical cyclone activity..

 

https://icons.wxug.com/data/images/sst_basin/gl_sst_mm.gif


>>> Atlantic Ocean:

Post-Tropical Cyclone Hermine) is over Atlantic Ocean, located about 230 miles southeast of the eastern tip of Long Island, New York…here’s a satellite image

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/storm_graphics/AT09/refresh/AL0916W5+gif/205108W_sm.gif


1.) A low pressure area associated with a tropical wave is expected to form several hundred miles southwest or west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands late this week. Environmental conditions appear conducive for slow development of this system after that time while the system moves west-northwestward into the central tropical Atlantic.

* Formation chance through 48 hours…low…near 0 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days…low…20 percent

Here’s a satellite image of the Atlantic Ocean

>>> Caribbean: No active tropical cyclones

1.) Shower and thunderstorm activity associated with a tropical wave located over eastern Caribbean have decreased since yesterday. Although strong winds, possibly to tropical storm force, could still be occurring in association with this system, development of the wave is unlikely while it moves westward across the Caribbean Sea this week. This disturbance could continue to produce periods of locally heavy rainfall and gusty winds over portions of the Lesser Antilles early today, and over Puerto Rico and Hispaniola later today and on Tuesday.

This tropical disturbance is being referred to as Invest 92L, here’s a satellite image…and what the computer models are showing

* Formation chance through 48 hours…low…10 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days…low…20 percent

>>> Gulf of Mexico: No active tropical cyclones

Here’s a satellite image of the Caribbean Sea…and the Gulf of Mexico

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Eastern Pacific: 

Tropical Storm 15E (Newton), remains active offshore from the Mexican coast, located about 320 miles southeast of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Here’s a satellite image…and what the computer models are showing. 

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/storm_graphics/EP15/refresh/EP1516W5+gif/205132W_sm.gif

1.) A weak area of low pressure located about 1800 miles west- southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula continues to produce disorganized cloudiness and showers. Some slow development of this system is possible while this disturbance moves generally eastward and then northward during the next several days.

* Formation chance through 48 hours…low…10 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days…low…30 percent

2.) An area of low pressure is expected to form later this week several hundred miles southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. Slow development of this system is possible after that time while it moves westward or west-northwestward.

* Formation chance through 48 hours…low…near 0 percent 
* Formation chance through 5 days…low…30 percent

Here’s a wide satellite image that covers the entire area between Mexico, out through the central Pacific…to the International Dateline.

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Central Pacific:

Tropical Storm Lester remains active in the Pacific Ocean, located about 645 miles northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii…here’s a satellite image…along with computer model are showing

1.) An area of thunderstorms around 700 miles south of Honolulu is moving toward the west around 10 mph. Conditions are not favorable for this disturbance to strengthen.

* Formation chance through 48 hours…low…10 percent

Here’s a link to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)

>>> Northwest Pacific Ocean:

Tropical Depression 15W (Namtheun) is dissipating, located about 64 NM north-northeast of Sasebo, Japan…here’s the JTWC graphical track map, with a satellite image – Final Warning

>>> South Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclones


>>> North and South Indian Oceans / Arabian Sea: No active tropical cyclones

Here’s a link to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)


Interesting: Clues in ancient mud hold answers to climate change – From the depths of Lake Malawi, Melissa Berke has helped uncover evidence that offers new insights into a long-held theory about Africa’s climate history.

The research from Berke, assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences at the University of Notre Dame and Environmental Change Initiative affiliate, suggests that Africa has gradually become wetter over the past 1.3 million years — instead of drier as was thought previously. The findings shine new light on the “savanna hypothesis,” which held that humans in Africa as a whole migrated to grasslands due to a changing climate.

The sediment samples that Berke studied came from Lake Malawi in southeast Africa, whereas data used for the savanna hypothesis came from the north. Her research suggests that climate conditions across Africa may have been more variable than once thought.

Importantly, Berke’s samples also reflect the longest continuous record of temperature data ever collected on the African continent. Apart from their age, the materials she analyzed were of exceptional quality.

“Lake Malawi is one of the deepest lakes in Africa, and the sediment samples taken from it are finely laminated. You can readily see how it changes across intervals of time,” said Berke.

Berke’s research specialty is to look for biochemical markers — “chemical fossils” that help scientists measure changes in vegetation and climate over time. One of the most enduring markers she examines is a commonplace substance known as leaf wax.

“All terrestrial leaves have wax,” she said. “It’s what makes water bead on grass or an oak leaf. Long after stems and roots have faded away, leaf wax residue can be preserved for hundreds of millions of years. Each leaf has its own chemistry, so when it washes into a lake or ocean we use it to tell us about its environment.”

Earlier this year, Berke boarded a research vessel in the Indian Ocean with 29 international scientists to retrieve sediment cores off the coast of southern Africa. Her findings will build on the Lake Malawi research and examine sediments that date seven million years, the oldest such samples taken in this location.

Berke’s work takes a decidedly long view. As a geologist, she can speak of events that happened “only 23,000 years ago.” Yet she’s also quick to point out why this look back at Africa’s geologic past should matter now.

“When we look at today’s climate, at flooding in Louisiana or West Virginia, or fires in California, we need historical context to understand what’s happening,” she said. “We can’t just rely on modern climate data to understand the past. Those records only go back 150 years. The more data we have about what’s happened across millions of years of climate, the better our predictions of the future will be.”