Air Temperatures – The following high temperatures (F) were recorded across the state of Hawaii Thursday…along with the low temperatures Thursday:

7868   Lihue, Kauai
80 – 67  Honolulu, Oahu
7870  Molokai
81
65  Kahului AP, Maui
80 67  Kona Int’l AP
78 –
66 
Hilo AP, Hawaii

Here are the latest 24-hour precipitation totals (inches) for each of the islands as of Thursday evening:

0.23  Mount Waialeale, Kauai
0.01  Pupukea Road, Oahu
0.16  Molokai
0.00 
Lanai
0.00  Kahoolawe
0.11  West Wailuaiki, Maui
0.19  Lower Kahuku,
Big Island

The following numbers represent the strongest wind gusts (mph) as of Thursday evening:

28  Port Allen, Kauai
30  Kuaokala, Oahu
24  Molokai
32  Lanai
31 
Kahoolawe
29  Kapalua, Maui
38  Kealakomo, Big Island

Hawaii’s MountainsHere’s a link to the live webcam on the summit of our tallest mountain Mauna Kea (nearly 13,800 feet high) on the Big Island of Hawaii. This webcam is available during the daylight hours here in the islands, and at night whenever there’s a big moon shining down. Also, at night you will be able to see the stars — and the sunrise and sunset too — depending upon weather conditions.


Aloha Paragraphs

http://weather.unisys.com/satellite/sat_ir_enh_west_loop-12.gif
A counter-clockwise rotating low pressure system, with its cold front…is located far northeast of the state

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/cpac/vis.jpg
We see an old cold front east, the tail-end of another front north…and yet another northwest

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/west/hi/ir4.jpg
Partly cloudy…high clouds moving over the islands

http://radar.weather.gov/Conus/RadarImg/hawaii.gif
Just a few showers…mostly windward sections
Looping radar image


Small Craft Advisory
…Maalaea Bay, Pailolo, Alenuihaha Channels, and Big Island southeast waters


~~~ Hawaii Weather Narrative
~~~

 

Symphony of Light – Kauai Timelapse (full screen is best)



High pressure north of the state will keep moderate trade winds in place through Friday…although diminishing slightly each day. These trades are expected to become light to moderate by the weekend…as the area of high pressure migrates eastward. Clouds and showers are expected to favor windward areas, with the occasional shower reaching leeward on the smaller islands. There might be a modest increase in the trade showers late Friday through Saturday. This would occur as a dissipated cold front brings some moisture southward over the islands, and an upper level trough of low pressure moves overhead.

Meanwhile the models are showing deep tropical moisture…spreading northward into eastern sections of the state Saturday night and Sunday. This will likely result in an increase in shower coverage and intensity, particularly across the Big Island and perhaps parts of Maui. Elsewhere, a fairly typical trade wind shower pattern should continue. The eastern side of the island chain will be showery Sunday night through early next week…and possibly right into mid-week. In fact, heavy rainfall and even thunderstorms are possible for the first part of next week. It’s still uncertain whether any of this heavier precipitation would slide westward over Oahu and Kauai.

Here’s a wind profile of the Pacific Ocean – Closer view of the islands / Here’s the vog forecast animation / Here’s the latest weather map

Marine environment details: Moderate to strong trade winds, associated with high pressure to the north of the state, will continue to generate Small Craft Advisory (SCA) conditions across channels and exposed areas around Maui County and the Big Island.

A moderate west-northwest swell will impact surf along north and west facing shores…declining Friday. A larger, west-northwest swell will fill in through the day Friday, peak Friday night into Saturday…then gradually lower through the remainder of the weekend.

Meanwhile, a small north swell will fill in Friday and hold into Saturday, before shifting out of the northeast and rising Sunday night into Monday.

Surf along east facing shores will maintain, or trend down slightly this weekend, as the trade winds weaken. Surf may begin to build once again Sunday night into Monday along east facing shores…as the previously mentioned small northerly swell shifts out of the northeast.

A small out of season south-southwest will fill in Friday night and hold into Saturday…which should support a slight increase in surf along leeward shores.

 

 http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000hF0gZlu8drY/s/900/North-shore-Oahu-Hawaii-249.jpg
Breezy trade wind pattern continues



World-wide tropical cyclone activity


https://icons.wxug.com/data/images/sst_basin/gl_sst_mm.gif


>>> Atlantic Ocean: The 2017 hurricane season begins June 1st

Here’s a satellite image of the Atlantic Ocean

>>> Caribbean: The 2017 hurricane season begins June 1st

>>> Gulf of Mexico: The 2017 hurricane season begins June 1st

Here’s a satellite image of the Caribbean Sea…and the Gulf of Mexico

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>> Eastern Pacific: The 2017 hurricane season begins May 15th

Here’s the NOAA 2016 Hurricane Season Summary for the Eastern Pacific Basin

Here’s a wide satellite image that covers the entire area between Mexico, out through the central Pacific…to the International Dateline.

Here’s the link to the National Hurricane Center (NHC)

>>>
Central Pacific
: The 2017 hurricane season begins June 1st

Here’s the NOAA 2016 Hurricane Season Summary for the Central Pacific Basin

Here’s a link to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)

>>> Northwest Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclones

>>> South Pacific Ocean: No active tropical cyclone


>>>
North and South Indian Oceans / Arabian Sea:
No active tropical cyclones

Here’s a link to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)


Interesting:
From rocks in Colorado, evidence of a chaotic solar system
Plumbing a 90 million-year-old layer cake of sedimentary rock in Colorado, a team of scientists from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Northwestern University has found evidence confirming a critical theory of how the planets in our solar system behave in their orbits around the sun.

The finding, published February 23, 2017 in the journal Nature, is important because it provides the first hard proof for what scientists call the “chaotic solar system,” a theory proposed in 1989 to account for small variations in the present conditions of the solar system. The variations, playing out over many millions of years, produce big changes in our planet’s climate — changes that can be reflected in the rocks that record Earth’s history.

The discovery promises not only a better understanding of the mechanics of the solar system, but also a more precise measuring stick for geologic time. Moreover, it offers a better understanding of the link between orbital variations and climate change over geologic time scales.

Using evidence from alternating layers of limestone and shale laid down over millions of years in a shallow North American seaway at the time dinosaurs held sway on Earth, the team led by UW–Madison Professor of Geoscience Stephen Meyers and Northwestern University Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences Brad Sageman discovered the 87 million-year-old signature of a “resonance transition” between Mars and Earth. A resonance transition is the consequence of the “butterfly effect” in chaos theory. It plays on the idea that small changes in the initial conditions of a nonlinear system can have large effects over time.

In the context of the solar system, the phenomenon occurs when two orbiting bodies periodically tug at one another, as occurs when a planet in its track around the sun passes in relative proximity to another planet in its own orbit. These small but regular ticks in a planet’s orbit can exert big changes on the location and orientation of a planet on its axis relative to the sun and, accordingly, change the amount of solar radiation a planet receives over a given area. Where and how much solar radiation a planet gets is a key driver of climate.

“The impact of astronomical cycles on climate can be quite large,” explains Meyers, noting as an example the pacing of the Earth’s ice ages, which have been reliably matched to periodic changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit, and the tilt of our planet on its axis. “Astronomical theory permits a very detailed evaluation of past climate events that may provide an analog for future climate.”

To find the signature of a resonance transition, Meyers, Sageman and UW–Madison graduate student Chao Ma, whose dissertation work this comprises, looked to the geologic record in what is known as the Niobrara Formation in Colorado. The formation was laid down layer by layer over tens of millions of years as sediment was deposited on the bottom of a vast seaway known as the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. The shallow ocean stretched from what is now the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, separating the eastern and western portions of North America.

“The Niobrara Formation exhibits pronounced rhythmic rock layering due to changes in the relative abundance of clay and calcium carbonate,” notes Meyers, an authority on astrochronology, which utilizes astronomical cycles to measure geologic time. “The source of the clay (laid down as shale) is from weathering of the land surface and the influx of clay to the seaway via rivers. The source of the calcium carbonate (limestone) is the shells of organisms, mostly microscopic, that lived in the water column.”

Meyers explains that while the link between climate change and sedimentation can be complex, the basic idea is simple: “Climate change influences the relative delivery of clay versus calcium carbonate, recording the astronomical signal in the process. For example, imagine a very warm and wet climate state that pumps clay into the seaway via rivers, producing a clay-rich rock or shale, alternating with a drier and cooler climate state which pumps less clay into the seaway and produces a calcium carbonate-rich rock or limestone.”

The new study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. It builds on a meticulous stratigraphic record and important astrochronologic studies of the Niobrara Formation, the latter conducted in the dissertation work of Robert Locklair, a former student of Sageman’s at Northwestern.

Dating of the Mars-Earth resonance transition found by Ma, Meyers and Sageman was confirmed by radioisotopic dating, a method for dating the absolute ages of rocks using known rates of radioactive decay of elements in the rocks. In recent years, major advances in the accuracy and precision of radioisotopic dating, devised by UW–Madison geoscience Professor Bradley Singer and others, have been introduced and contribute to the dating of the resonance transition.
The motions of the planets around the sun has been a subject of deep scientific interest since the advent of the heliocentric theory — the idea that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun — in the 16th century. From the 18th century, the dominant view of the solar system was that the planets orbited the sun like clockwork, having quasiperiodic and highly predictable orbits. In 1988, however, numerical calculations of the outer planets showed Pluto’s orbit to be “chaotic” and the idea of a chaotic solar system was proposed in 1989 by astronomer Jacques Laskar, now at the Paris Observatory.

Following Laskar’s proposal of a chaotic solar system, scientists have been looking in earnest for definitive evidence that would support the idea, says Meyers.

“Other studies have suggested the presence of chaos based on geologic data,” says Meyers. “But this is the first unambiguous evidence, made possible by the availability of high-quality, radioisotopic dates and the strong astronomical signal preserved in the rocks.”